finals & Evaluation

These were my final pieces two banners and one big poster, these were inspirations from designers i researched like Paula Scher, harry beck, I looked at Getty images at cctv. I found that my finals came out well and demonstrated the idea of people being targets, how the government have so much information about people on there data like finger prints, eye recognition just being a little part of it, they have so much more to be able to find out and no about people.

My First idea was to have a animation of a person and parts of it like the eye and so on blowing up and information around it i felt that this was inappropriate, so i decided to go forward with making a poster and two banners.

The inspirations i used from paula scher was the idea of how she implies typography into her work, In my finals i selected certain places in were i placed them. Also with paula scher she tends to compose typography in many ways, similarly i placed my typography in a different compositions, i felt it fitted in well in with my work. I liked the design of harry beck with his underground maps and wanted to imply it in to my design, but give it a computer feel to it as if someone was being scanned and recognized. Gave it something like a circuit board.

Gattaca review

This film is staged in the future time when people of normal birth were seen to be low class citizens. The people who were the people to be seen as high class and well respected jobs were people who were created by being designer babies, choosing the genes they want to make there perfect baby.

The main character was seen to be a low class citizen, had to live the low class life. His dream was to go to the moon but being a low class person wasn't allowed, you had to be something of the fine origin, which was a special designer baby.

proposal

DNA & IDENTITY

My FMP was based on the data that the government holds on identity and human DNA.

I strongly feel that no one should hold such power, because it can be abused. In an incident that happened not long ago with the DVLA (GOVERNMENT) they sold details of all the drivers on their data base to some company.

I feel that it was a betrayal in part of the government. I feel it is worrying for them to hold information like this. I feel were like walking targets to them and have portrayed this in my banners and posters.

Mohammed Qasim,

kw4j4_k4nl1@msn.com

DNA USED FOR IDENTITY

How does forensic identification work?

Any type of organism can be identified by examination of DNA sequences unique to that species. Identifying individuals within a species is less precise at this time, although when DNA sequencing technologies progress farther, direct comparison of very large DNA segments, and possibly even whole genomes, will become feasible and practical and will allow precise individual identification.
To identify individuals, forensic scientists scan 13 DNA regions, or loci, that vary from person to person and use the data to create a DNA profile of that individual (sometimes called a DNA fingerprint). There is an extremely small chance that another person has the same DNA profile for a particular set of 13 regions.
Some Examples of DNA Uses for Forensic Identification
Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes
Exonerate persons wrongly accused of crimes
Identify crime and catastrophe victims
Establish paternity and other family relationships
Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials (could be used for prosecuting poachers)
Detect bacteria and other organisms that may pollute air, water, soil, and food
Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs
Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds
Authenticate consumables such as caviar and wine
Is DNA effective in identifying persons?[answer provided by Daniel Drell of the U.S. DOE Human Genome Program]
DNA identification can be quite effective if used intelligently. Portions of the DNA sequence that vary the most among humans must be used; also, portions must be large enough to overcome the fact that human mating is not absolutely random.
Consider the scenario of a crime scene investigation . . .
Assume that type O blood is found at the crime scene. Type O occurs in about 45% of Americans. If investigators type only for ABO, finding that the "suspect" in a crime is type O really doesn't reveal very much.
If, in addition to being type O, the suspect is a blond, and blond hair is found at the crime scene, you now have two bits of evidence to suggest who really did it. However, there are a lot of Type O blonds out there.
If you find that the crime scene has footprints from a pair of Nike Air Jordans (with a distinctive tread design) and the suspect, in addition to being type O and blond, is also wearing Air Jordans with the same tread design, you are much closer to linking the suspect with the crime scene.
In this way, by accumulating bits of linking evidence in a chain, where each bit by itself isn't very strong but the set of all of them together is very strong, you can argue that your suspect really is the right person.
With DNA, the same kind of thinking is used; you can look for matches (based on sequence or on numbers of small repeating units of DNA sequence) at many different locations on the person's genome; one or two (even three) aren't enough to be confident that the suspect is the right one, but thirteen sites are used. A match at all thirteen is rare enough that you (or a prosecutor or a jury) can be very confident ("beyond a reasonable doubt") that the right person is accused.


DNA Fingerprint Identification
Summary DNA Fingerprinting, also known as Genetic Fingerprinting has recently come into vogue as a means of establishing personal identification. In the criminal justice system, DNA fingerprinting has been used with a degree of regularity over the past dozen years or so in order to establish personal identification in criminal matters. DNA has also been used in court paternity suits. DNA is an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, the substance that gives the human chromosome its shape.
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Simply stated, DNA is the blueprint of the body of every human being. The human body is made up of cells, each of which contains a nucleus. The nucleus is a special compartment that contains chromosomes which, in the human body, number forty-six. These chromosomes (23 from each parent) are composed of tightly wound up DNA molecules which lend each chromosome its unique characteristic shape. Each cell in the human body has the identical DNA makeup. Each DNA strand is composed of genes which determine a person's unique characteristics, such as body structure, or hair and eye color. There are no two humans with identical DNA compositions. The DNA is also inherited from the parents, and that is why the offspring so very often have a close physical resemblance to the parents. That DNA is inherited from parents is also the reason why DNA testing has proven to be useful in paternity suits. DNA fingerprinting dates back to 1985 when it was first developed in England by Sir Alec Jeffreys, and it has been considered the greatest achievement in forensic science since the development of fingerprinting as a means of personal identification more than one hundred years ago.
Although DNA was introduced as evidence in a criminal proceeding in 1985 and it played a role in the outcome of a trial in 1988, DNA fingerprinting did not capture the fancy of the public until it was used as evidence by the prosecution in the infamous O.J. Simpson trial (see below) in 1995 in Los Angeles Supreme Court, presided over by Judge Ito.Criminal Evidence DNA fingerprinting is so named because of its use as a means of identification of a subject. DNA fingerprinting technology continues to advance, and it can be used in criminal court cases because of the ability of crime scene investigators to obtain samples of DNA from clothing and objects and thus identify the source via DNA testing procedures. The analysts then match a number of DNA strands found at the scene of the crime to several DNA samples from the suspect in order to determine whether or not the DNA fingerprints belong to the suspect. Remarkably, around 30% of DNA fingerprinting has exonerated suspects of a crime. Additionally, DNA fingerprinting has been used to prove wrongful convictions in which persons serving sentences, most notably in crimes of rape, have been freed after substantial imprisonment time, following the submission of DNA evidence in a court appeal. DNA fingerprinting has also been used widely in the resolution of paternity cases. The Anna Nicole Smith case (see below) is one of the more famous court cases with the judgment of the court based on DNA fingerprinting.

Animation inspirations

http://www.studioaka.co.uk/#/work-skypecampaign

FMP DNA MUSEUM IN LONDON

These were some images that we had taken at the WELCOME COLLECTION in london museum. Had a lot of information on DNA going back to charts of DNA, what type of DNA people are, how they groped people and so on. More or less the start of the science about human DNA.

FMP

Here i had got some images from 'GETTY IMAGES' to help me with ideas off cctv, the concept here was to demonstrate how we are being watched, my point was more towards the government. A lot of these images worked well demonstrating cctv to be like monsters, some showing them as arms and a head. The idea i liked was the pan were just the camera was viewed, also i found interesting the camera were it's lens was red, made it look evil. So i went forward with making a stencil of a camera shape, along with a target sign to show it as a spy eye, also i put a bar code on it to represent people as if it was counting people.

Harry beck was the designer for the underground london tunnel maps. I liked the way he had points connected with circles, and how lines are composed. Use of colour to indicate how each line is different, in a different route or so. I wanted to go on and adapt it in to my designs.

These pieces of Paula Scher work was quite interesting, great use of colour, stands out well, the main thing i was looking at here was the way typography has been used and applied to the design, I wanted to adapt this idea to my banners. Typography has been adjusted by composition, sizing and tracking.

My original idea was to do an animation here was a template of what my idea was. labeled and numbered in order.

















Stage 1 being the start of this sequence and progressing onto each part i was planning on going onto in detail.













Here i drew a person highlighting the parts i wanted to talk about, My idea was to have a human body and then making points of the body and blowin them parts up into detail, in how DNA and identity link with any human.














Here were some designs i looked at to help inspire me, here i was looking at more background ideas, making it look something of an instruction manual. I liked the effect of the lines the way 3d diamention is created. Also i reali liked how the robot background effect was done, i found the circle design quite effective and wanted to use it further into my idea.







Here were some sketches of background ideas.

This was a template of an idea in how i was thinking to set out my design, i changed the idea of animation into a big poster design, were i wanted to use imagery and typography.

This peace was done by Jhonathon Barnbrook I liked this because of the composition, and minimal use of color, but yet stands out well. I liked the composition in how his work was centerd and everything evolves around it. This was similar to my idea of having a human in the middle and things evolving around that.

Here I liked the use of typography how sizes were played with, along with different fonts, composition was used well, seems like there is a few elements going on at once. Minimal color works well, looks something off a chewing gum rapper.

The Barnbrook design below, I find it interesting and use this for my source of inspiration, I like the line designs and the use of composition. This piece seems like a design with an effect off layering some pieces coming before others, i liked the use of minimal colors along with how they blend in well.

Here i liked

the idea of

the circle design I wanted to imply it on to my design. Muller Brockmann has some good template designs which I take inspiration from, a lot being circle style designs.

This is work from Josef muller Brockmann and Barnbrooks work. I looked at these pieces for inspiration for my design idea, i liked the idea were Brockmann has used the circle designs, I would like to imply that to my design, also i like the layer and composition that both Barnbrook and Muller Brockmann use.

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is the genetic blueprint for each cell and ultimately the blueprint that determines every characteristic of a living organism.

The DNA molecule was discovered in 1951 by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins using X-ray diffraction. In 1953 Crick described the structure of the DNA molecule as a double helix, somewhat like a sprial staircase with many individual steps. In 1962 Crick, Watson, and Wilkins received the Nobel prize for their pioneering work on the structure of the DNA molecule.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), is genetic material of all cellular organisms and most viruses. DNA carries the information needed to direct protein synthesis and replication. Protein synthesis is the production of the proteins needed by the cell or virus for its activities and development. Replication is the process by which DNA copies itself for each descendant cell or virus, passing on the information needed for protein synthesis. In most cellular organisms, DNA is organized on chromosomes located in the nucleus of the cell.

Structure

A molecule of DNA consists of two chains, strands composed of a large number of chemical compounds, called nucleotides, linked together to form a chain. These chains are arranged like a ladder that has been twisted into the shape of a winding staircase, called a double helix. Each nucleotide consists of three units: a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four different nitrogen-containing compounds called bases. The four bases are adenine (abbreviated A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The deoxyribose molecule occupies the center position in the nucleotide, flanked by a phosphate group on one side and a base on the other. The phosphate group of each nucleotide is also linked to the deoxyribose of the adjacent nucleotide in the chain. These linked deoxyribose-phosphate subunits form the parallel side rails of the ladder. The bases face inward toward each other, forming the rungs of the ladder.

The nucleotides in one DNA strand have a specific association with the corresponding nucleotides in the other DNA strand. Because of the chemical affinity of the bases, nucleotides containing adenine are always paired with nucleotides containing thymine, and nucleotides containing cytosine are always paired with nucleotides containing guanine. The complementary bases are joined to each other by weak chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds.

In 1953 American biochemist James Watson and British biophysicist Francis Crick published the first description of the structure of DNA. Their model proved to be so important for the understanding of protein synthesis, DNA replication, and mutation that they were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work.

Protein Synthesis

DNA carries the instructions for the production of proteins. A protein is composed of smaller molecules called amino acids, and the structure and function of the protein is determined by the sequence of its amino acids. The sequence of amino acids, in turn, is determined by the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA. A sequence of three nucleotide bases, called a triplet, is the genetic code word, or codon, that specifies a particular amino acid. For instance, the triplet GAC (guanine, adenine, and cytosine) is the codon for the amino acid leucine, and the triplet CAG (cytosine, adenine, and guanine) is the codon for the amino acid valine. A protein consisting of 100 amino acids is thus encoded by a DNA segment consisting of 300 nucleotides. Of the two polynucleotide chains that form a DNA molecule, only one strand, called the sense strand, contains the information needed for the production of a given amino acid sequence. The other strand aids in replication.

Protein synthesis begins with the separation of a DNA molecule into two strands. In a process called transcription, a section of the sense strand acts as a template, or pattern, to produce a new strand called messenger RNA (RNA). The RNA leaves the cell nucleus and attaches to the ribosomes, specialized cellular structures that are the sites of protein synthesis. Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by another type of RNA, called transfer (RNA). In a process called translation, the amino acids are linked together in a particular sequence, dictated by the RNA, to form a protein.

A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that specify the order of amino acids in a protein via an intermediary mRNA molecule. Substituting one DNA nucleotide with another containing a different base causes all descendant cells or viruses to have the altered nucleotide base sequence. As a result of the substitution, the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein may also be changed. Such a change in a DNA molecule is called a mutation. Most mutations are the result of errors in the replication process. Exposure of a cell or virus to radiation or to certain chemicals increases the likelihood of mutations.

Replication

In most cellular organisms, replication of a DNA molecule takes places in the cell nucleus and occurs just before the cell divides. Replication begins with the separation of the two-polynucleotide chains, each of which then acts as a template for the assembly of a new complementary chain. As the old chains separate, each nucleotide in the two chains attracts a complementary nucleotide that has been formed earlier by the cell. The nucleotides are joined to one another by hydrogen bonds to form the rungs of a new DNA molecule. As the complementary nucleotides are fitted into place, an enzyme called DNA polymerase links them together by bonding the phosphate group of onenucleotide to the sugar molecule of the adjacent nucleotide, forming the side rail of the new DNA molecule. This process continues until a new polynucleotide chain has been formed alongside the old one, forming a new double-helix molecule.